July is the time to prune your roses. Find out how it's done.

Life is a garden filled with the glorious scent and colour of roses that start their wonderful display in October. But in order to ensure such a wonderful show of blooms, rose bushes need to be pruned now. Pruning should not be regarded as a difficult task. By following a few simple steps, you can give your rose bushes a much needed winter trim which will rejuvenate the plants and help them to grow healthily this summer and produce many beautiful flowers.

Rose grower Ludwig Taschner advises, "Pruning is best done in late July and early August. It takes a month for the dormant 'eyes' on the rose bush branches to sprout, by which time daylight is lengthening, temperatures are rising and the new shoots with the flowering bud on the tips are able to start stretching and forming new leaves." If pruning is left until even later in August, the rose bushes will flower later in October. Remember it is better to do some pruning, rather than none at all.

Why prune?

Rose bushes need to have their old wood removed every three to four years to make way for younger, more vigorous branches. Spindly growth is removed so that the bushes will bear bigger and better flowers.

The right tools

To make pruning easier, always use a pair of sharp secateurs. Use a pair of gardening gloves to protect your hands from the thorns.

How to prune roses

Follow these easy steps for successful rose pruning:

• Take a good look at your rose bush. You will be aiming to encourage a vase-shaped bush.
• Firstly, cut all the branches off at hip height.
• Now look at removing the older, woodier stems and also dead branches at their bases, selecting three to four strong, young branches that will remain as the vase-shaped frame.
• Cut out all twiggy growth which is thinner than a pencil. You are basically removing spindly, weak growth that will not be able to support flowers.
• Thin out all crowded or badly-placed branches. Remove branches that rub against or cross close to each other, always giving preference to the younger, more vigorous shoots.
• Cut away all stems that cross the centre of the plant. This 'vase shape' should result in four or five strong stems around an open centre.
• Cut these three or four strong, young stems back to knee height (50-75cm).
• Don't worry too much about where you make the cut on the stem. The rose will sort itself out when it starts sprouting. Looking for inward or outward buds is really not necessary.
• Climbing roses that are being trained over an arch, a pergola or against a trellis do not need to be pruned heavily. You can simply cut back each branch by three leaves to stimulate growth and remove superfluous, damaged or dead stems at their base.

Make sure you give your roses some care and attention after pruning. Ludwig says it is not necessary to seal the cuts on the rose stems, but it is a good idea to spray the plants with an insect spray. From August onwards, fertilise each bush by sprinkling a handful of balanced rose fertiliser around the base of the bush. Water thoroughly after fertilising. It does wonders to work in rough compost and/or mulch around the roses at a fork's depth just after pruning. They love loose, aerated soil!